ABSTRACT
Abstract This is a narrative review of azathioprine. This medication is immunomodulatory and immunosuppressive, and it has been used widely through different medical specialties to modify disease. It has been proven useful for several dermatoses and it has encountered success when used as an off-label indication for other dermatologic diseases. Its mechanism of action is described thoroughly, as well as precautions for monitoring adequate levels in patients using it. Dermatologists should also be aware of the possible adverse events it may present. In dermatology it can be used in bullous and autoimmune diseases, and in other conditions, including intractable pruritus, atopic dermatitis, photodermatoses, psoriasis, and others. Azathioprine offers an alternative as a steroid-sparing agent and this review helps dermatologists prescribe it safely to all patients who require it.
Subject(s)
Humans , Skin Diseases/drug therapy , Dermatology , Eczema , Azathioprine/therapeutic use , Immunosuppressive Agents/therapeutic useABSTRACT
Resumen En los últimos años, la introducción de diversos medicamentos biológicos para el tratamiento de la psoriasis ha aumentado considerablemente el arsenal terapéutico del médico, con lo cual se ha logrado un fuerte impacto positivo en el control de la enfermedad. Con el fin de proveer de las mejores recomendaciones para el uso de estos biológicos en los pacientes afectados de psoriasis, el grupo mexicano de expertos en psoriasis PSOMEX ha formulado recomendaciones para mejorar la comprensión y el posicionamiento terapéutico de este tipo de medicamentos.
Abstract In recent years, the introduction of a series of biological drugs for the treatment of psoriasis has considerably increased the therapeutic armamentarium of doctors, and thus a strongly positive impact on the control of this condition has been achieved. With the purpose to provide the best recommendations for the use of these biological agents in patients with psoriasis, the Mexican group of psoriasis experts, PSOMEX, has developed recommendations in order to improve the understanding and therapeutic positioning of this type of medications.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Pregnancy , Psoriasis/therapy , Biological Factors/therapeutic use , Pregnancy Complications/therapy , Societies, Medical , Age Factors , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/antagonists & inhibitors , MexicoABSTRACT
Abstract: Background: Pigmented lesions on acral sites are common; clinical differentiation of nevi and early melanoma can be challenging. In these cases, dermoscopy can provide a more accurate diagnosis. Most dermoscopic patterns on acral skin have been described in Asian and European populations, while there are few studies in Latin American populations. Objectives: To determine the frequency of pigmented lesions in volar skin and their dermoscopic patterns in a Mexican population. Methods: An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study was performed in Hispanic patients with the presence of at least one pigmented lesion on acral skin. Clinical and dermoscopic images were obtained. These were subsequently evaluated independently by two dermatologists trained and experienced in dermoscopy. Results: A total of 582 pigmented lesions on volar skin were diagnosed in 321 patients. Overall, prevalence of acral pigmented lesions on volar skin was 6.8%. For both observers, parallel furrows were the most frequent pattern described, but for observer 2, a lattice-like pattern was prevalent on the toes and a homogeneous pattern on the sides of the feet. There was lower inter-observer agreement, with a kappa index of 0.144. Study limitations: The lesions were not biopsied, so clinical-histological correlation could not be performed. The study did not correlate dermoscopic patterns with age. Conclusions. As previously reported by other authors, parallel furrows were the most frequently found dermoscopic pattern on palmoplantar skin.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Young Adult , Skin Neoplasms/pathology , Dermoscopy , Melanoma/pathology , Nevus, Pigmented/pathology , Skin Neoplasms/epidemiology , Toes/pathology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Melanoma/epidemiology , Mexico/epidemiology , Nevus, Pigmented/epidemiologyABSTRACT
Se presenta un caso de alopecia universal en un hombre de 35 años de edad con evolución de 23 años. Sus estudios inmunológicos mostraron una inversión de la relación CD4/CD8. El paciente fue tratado con prednisona durante 4 meses y simultáneamente con ciclosporina A durante los últimos 3 meses, no se observó mejoría clínica